GRAMMAR

♦Have got

• There are no past forms of have got, we use the past forms of have

Ann has got a new car. Has Ann got a new car?

• There are no past forms of have got, we use the past forms of have

Did Ann have a car? Ann didn’t have a car.

• US English prefers have to have got.

British English: I’ve got a dog and two cats. US English: I have a dog and two cats.   Exercises 1 Change the statements into questions or negatives 1 Jane has got a new car. (question) ……..Has jane got a new car? 2 I’ve got a stamp. (negative) ……………………………. 3 Jim had a cold last week. (question) ……………………………. 4 We’ve got a problem. (question) ……………………………. 5 You have a test today. (negative) ……………………………. 6 Paul has a sister. (question) ……………………………. 2 Change each sentence or question into the past tense. 1 I’ve got a cat. ….I had a cat.……………………………………………………………………………. 2 Have you got a bike? ……………………………………………………………………………….. 3 Jim hasn’t got any time. ……………………………………………………………………………….. 4 David’s got an exam. ……………………………………………………………………………….. 5 We haven’t got a house. ……………………………………………………………………………….. 6 Has Tiny got a cold?

• The article a / an
• Before a noun that starts with a consonant, we use “a”.
• Before a noun that starts with a vowel, we use “an”.
• 5 vowels : “a” ; “e” ; “i” ; “o” ; “u”
• Indefinite and definite

There was a book on the desk. We do not have any information about this book. (indefinite) Where’s the book with the answer? We know something about this book (it’s the book with the answer). (definite)

• Indefinite article: a/an

We use a/an: With general descriptions A footballer is a person who plays football. An apple is a type of fruit. With a person’s job. Mary is a doctor. I’m an engineer. With a person’s character or status Helen is a genius! Paul is a star!

• Definite article: the

We use the: With unique objects and known references The moon circles around the earth. (there is only one moon.) The tower of London is very old. (when the noun comes before the name.) but: Canterbury Cathedral (the noun is after the name – no article) I’m going to the shop. (We know which shop.) With nationalities to mean the people of that country The Spanish love dancing. With adjectives to describe a group of people Jane has a job helping the poor. The rich usually live in big houses. With collective nouns Call the police! The government is very unpopular. With geographical features Rivers the Loire, the Rhine Oceans and seas the Atlantic, the Pacific, the Mediterranean. Deserts the Sahara, the Gobi With musical instruments Do you play the violin? 1 Complete each sentence with a, an or the

• 1. What’s………… matter? Are you all right?
  2. Kate has bought………………… a new car.
  3. Some people think that …. moon is made of cheese!
  4. I’m collecting money for……………………………
  5. Brian hasn’t found………………………………… job yet.
  6. Can you play………………………………………… guitar?
  7. Helen is…………………………………………………. idiot!
  8. Don’t forget to turn off……………………….

2 Complete each sentence with a, an or the. There’s…….a….nife in…….second…….. second drawer. I’m going to……………. baker’s to buy……………………… ………………………… Art museum is in……………. city centre. There’s……………………………… cat in…………………. garden! David is………………………… doctor at…………. local hospital. We missed………….. the beginning of…………….. lovely film. Mary plays……………………… violin in………………….. quartet It’s…………………….. long time before…………… train arrives. 3 Rewrite each sentence so it has the same meaning. Use the words in bold.

1. 1. Jane teaches English teacher

Jane is an English teacher

1. 1. There aren’t any buses after this one. last

………………………………………………………………………..

1. 1. Have you seen today’s paper? the

………………………………………………………………………..

1. 1. English people like tea. the

………………………………………………………………………..

1. 1. Telescopes help you to see thing that are far away. a

………………………………………………………………………..

1. 1. Ann is a team-member. of

………………………………………………………………………..

1. 1. The road finished here. end of

………………………………………………………………………..

1. 1. Tim studies at university. student

…………………………………………………………………………